In AFib, the two top chambers of your heart atria receive disorganized electrical signals. The atria beat out of coordination with the bottom two chambers of your heart ventricles. This leads to a rapid and irregular heart rhythm. A normal heart rate is 60 to beats per minute bpm. In AFib, the heart rate ranges from to bpm. In atrial flutter, your atria receive organized electrical signals, but the signals are faster than normal. The atria beat more frequently than the ventricles up to bpm.
Only every second beat gets through to the ventricles. The resulting pulse rate is around bpm. Keep reading: How your heart works ». People with a history of atrial flutter also have an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation in the future. Treatment for AFib and atrial flutter has the same goals: Restore the normal rhythm of the heart and prevent blood clots. Treatment for both conditions may involve:. NOACs are now recommended over warfarin unless the person has moderate to severe mitral stenosis or has an artificial heart valve.
Electrical cardioversion : This procedure uses an electrical shock to reset the rhythm of your heart. The AV node connects the atria and ventricles. Maze surgery : Maze surgery is an open-heart surgery. Medication is usually the first treatment for AFib. However, ablation is usually considered the best treatment for atrial flutter. Both AFib and atrial flutter involve faster than usual electrical impulses in the heart. Leading a healthy lifestyle requires balance in all aspects of your life.
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A pioneering surgery for heart disease is proving quicker and safer than conventional alternatives. Coronary artery bypass grafting CABG can remove blockages in the arteries that severely restrict the flow of blood to the heart, helping you lead a more active life. Heart health screening may cost you some money. But maintaining a healthy heart can help to save your life. Here are a few suggestions. TAVI is a minimally invasive procedure that offers hope to patients too old or too ill for conventional aortic valve replacement operations.
Cardiologists can provide expert advice to athletes. Follow us Orchard Novena. Last updated on 19 March Dr Kenneth Ng , cardiologist at Mount Elizabeth Hospital, explains the possible causes of heart palpitations and what atrial fibrillation is. What are heart palpitations? What are the symptoms of heart palpitations? When you are experiencing heart palpitations, it can feel like your heart is: Skipping beats Fluttering rapidly Beating too fast Pounding Flip-flopping What are the causes of palpitations?
Palpitations can have triggers. They can be triggered by: Anxiety or emotional stress Stimulants such as coffee, tea or exercise Traditional medicine products, which may have stimulants Certain medical problems such as thyroid overactivity or thyrotoxicosis Depression Strenuous exercise Fever Hormone changes associated with menstruation, pregnancy or menopause Sometimes heart palpitations can indicate a serious problem, such as an overactive thyroid gland hyperthyroidism or an abnormal heart rhythm arrhythmia.
What is atrial fibrillation? What are the symptoms of atrial fibrillation? It can also lead to: Giddiness Shortness of breath Confusion Chest pain Fatigue However, in many cases, it does not cause any symptoms and is only picked up during a routine examination of the pulse or the electrocardiogram.
Each side has a small collecting chamber atrium , which leads into a large pumping chamber ventricle. There are four chambers — the left atrium and right atrium upper chambers , and the left ventricle and right ventricle lower chambers. Normally, the upper chambers of your heart the atria contract squeeze first and push blood into the lower chambers the ventricles. The ventricles then contract — the right ventricle pumping blood to your lungs to become oxygenated and the left ventricle pumping blood to the rest of your body.
These same electrical signals are passed on to the ventricles via the atrioventricular AV node and cause the ventricles to contract a short time later, after they have been filled with blood from the atria. This normal heart rhythm is called the sinus rhythm, because it is controlled by the sinus node. Palpitations are a sensation or awareness of your heart beating.
They may feel like your heart is racing, thumping or skipping beats. Almost everyone has had palpitations at some time in their life. They are usually associated with an abnormal heart rhythm arrhythmia. An occasional palpitation that does not affect your general health is not usually something to worry about. However, see your doctor if you have more frequent or consistent palpitations, which may be associated with a serious arrhythmia. Tachycardia is when your heart beats too fast, generally more than beats per minute.
Some forms of tachycardia are easily treated and not serious, but others can be life threatening. Tachycardia can be a normal response to physical activity, but can also be a sign of a medical problem. The two main types of tachycardia are supraventricular tachycardia problem with the top chambers and ventricular tachycardia problem with the bottom chambers.
Supraventricular tachycardia is a rapid heartbeat that starts in the atria or AV node, and is not usually life threatening. Common types of supraventricular tachycardia are atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. It must be corrected immediately, otherwise it may cause low blood pressure, loss of consciousness and even death. Bradycardia is when your heart beats too slowly, generally less than 60 beats per minute. Bradycardia may be normal for you, and can be associated with being physically fit.
However, it can also be caused by many physical disorders, such as sick sinus syndrome and heart block. It can be caused by ageing or by coronary heart disease. Occasional palpitations during periods of emotional or physical stress are normal and are nothing to worry about. If you have persistent arrhythmias, ask your doctor for a thorough medical examination.
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