The wicketkeeper gets credit for the wicket. The other umpire, the one not behind the bowler's wicket, stands to the side of the pitch, approximately even with the batsman's popping crease, and it is his responsibility to judge whether the batsman should be given out, stumped.
He also judges runouts at his end, and a few other matters, but the umpire behind the bowler's-end wicket is the equivalent of the "home-plate" umpire in baseball. Under normal circumstances he is the one who determines when the ball is in play, when a batsman is out bowled, L. But he and the other umpire reverse roles at the end of each over, as described below. So while there is a "chief umpire" at any given moment in a match, throughout the course of the match the two umpires are equal.
The one method of getting the batsman out that is pretty much exactly like baseball is Out, Caught. If a fieldsman catches a struck ball before it touches the ground, the batsman is out. Unless the ball was a no-ball. The fieldsman and the bowler get credit for the wicket. There are several other ways of getting out: taking too long to come in to bat, obstructing the field, handling the ball, and accidentally breaking your own wicket under certain circumstances. But these are less common.
So, assuming that the batsman has managed to avoid getting out by any of these ways, he has still done only half his job. The other half is to make runs. The most obvious way for him to do this is for him to hit the ball with the bat and to run back and forth with his teammate while the fielding side try to break a wicket with one of them out of that ground. But one reason that baseball batters must envy cricket batsmen is that cricket batsmen don't have to run when they hit the ball.
If they judge that they can't make a run after hitting the ball, they can just stay in their grounds until the ball is dead and await the next delivery. But if they do want to run, there are no foul balls in cricket.
A ball hit anywhere on the field can be run on. This means that the fielding side have to cover a lot of area with 11 men, two of whom the bowler and the wicket-keeper are relatively tied down. There are many more than 11 named fielding positions in cricket, and they can't all be covered. It is the job of the captain of the fielding side to determine which positions should be covered, according to the style of bowling and the batsman's strengths and weaknesses, to maximize the chance of putting a batsman out and minimize the number of runs scored.
As in batting, fielding can be aggressive or defensive, depending on the match situation. This is called a "boundary 6" or just a "six". The batsmen do not have to run the six runs, unlike in baseball, where the home-run hitter must still touch all the bases. If the ball is hit to bounce or roll over the boundary, this is a "boundary four", and four runs are scored without having to be run. But there are other ways of scoring runs without hitting the ball. In cricket, not only do you not have to run when you hit the ball, you do not have to hit the ball to be able to run.
Runs can be made any time when the ball is in play. However, if the runs are not made with the bat, they do not count as part of the batsman's score.
They are called "extras", and count for the side's total, but not the batsman's. If the ball is delivered and the batsman does not play it, but because the wicket keeper misses it or for some other reason a run seems possible, the batsmen are allowed to run. The ball is not dead at this point. Any runs scored in this way are extras, scored as "byes". If the ball accidentally strikes the batsman's body and is deflected, within certain restrictions, it is still live and runs may be scored.
These are extras, scored as "leg-byes". These are scored separately from byes, because byes are considered to be the wicket-keeper's fault, while leg-byes are just considered to be one of those things that happens.
If the bowler bowls a no-ball, the batsman can attack the delivery aggressively, knowing that he cannot be out bowled, caught, L. If he hits the ball, any runs are credited to his score. If he does not play the ball and runs are scored some other way, such as what would normally be a bye or leg-bye, these are scored as "no-balls", another kind of extra.
If no runs are made at all, a one-run penalty for the no-ball is scored as an extra. Although the batsman does not have the protection on a wide that he does on a no-ball against being dismissed--he can be stumped on a wide, for example--, this is still seen as depriving him of the ability to play a shot, and a one-run penalty, scored as a "wide" is added to the score, and another ball is added to the over so that he still receives six fair deliveries in the over.
If the wide eludes the wicket-keeper and runs are made, they are scored as "wides", not as byes or leg- byes. At the end of the over, the two batsmen remain in their creases and another bowler begins deliveries from the other end of the pitch.
The man who was bowling before takes a fielding position, the wicket-keeper moves from one end of the pitch to the other, and the fieldsmen move to the opposite side of the field from their previous position.
So everything has changed around, except that a different batsman is facing the bowling. When one batsman is strong and the other is weak, often they try to make a single run early in the weaker batsman's over, and then score only in even runs for the rest of the over, so that the stronger batsman is facing most of the bowling.
If the stronger batsman can make a single on the last ball of his own over, he can continue batting without the other batsman having to bat at all. Bowlers do not leave the game or enter the game like baseball pitchers. They are always on the field, either fielding or bowling.
They can stop bowling for rest or tactical reasons, allow- ing another bowler to take over their end. The captain decides when to do this. After they stop bowling, they may come in and bowl again later, from either end. The only restrictions on bowlers changing are that they must bowl in whole overs - no changing bowlers in the middle of an over - and they cannot change ends and bowl two consecutive overs.
This is different from baseball practice, but it's a little-known fact that in baseball a pitcher can be moved to a fielding position and then brought back into the game later as well, following the usual rules governing changing players' positions.
But in baseball it's never done; in cricket it's routine. Eleven fieldsmen play, and only eleven. Now you should have a pretty good understanding of the basic definitions in cricket and of what the players are trying to do out there.
The batted ball speed also depends on the speed of the bat. How fast does the ball come off the bat? We also need to know the mass of the bat, or better still we need to know how fast the ball comes off the bat when the bat is not swung at all.
For most bats, E varies from about 0. E is smallest near the tip of the bat but V is biggest there when the batter takes a huge swing at the ball. The effectiveness or the power of any given bat can be tested without swinging the bat at all. That speed gets added to the bat speed when the bat is swung.
A surprising result is that the bounce speed off a fixed bat does not depend on how firmly the handle is held. It can be gripped in a vice or it can be dangled on the end of a piece of string and the ball will bounce at exactly the same speed. For that reason, the speed of a struck ball does not depend on how firmly the handle is gripped in the hands. There is a simple reason for this strange result. When the ball strikes the bat, it causes the bat to bend slightly at the impact point.
That bend then propagates along the bat up to the handle, reflects off the end of the handle and then travels back down to the impact point. The bend takes about 0. But the ball is on the bat for only 0. The ball has no way of knowing how the handle was held so it bounces off the bat at the same speed regardless of how the handle is gripped. The handle could be attached by a hinge and the ball would still come off the bat at the same speed.
Drop a cricket ball on a cricket pitch and the ball bounces up off the pitch. How long does the ball remain in contact with the pitch and how big is the force on the ball? Cricket balls are relatively stiff compared to say a tennis ball, and the contact time is shorter.
A tennis ball spends 0. A cricket ball spends about 0. The force on the ball has to slow it down to a complete stop and then accelerate it back in the other direction, all in the space of 0. Suppose that a 0. That's a lot of acceleration. A Porshe can do it in 5 seconds, but a cricket ball does it 10, times faster.
The average force on the ball is 8, N, enough to lift a mass of kg off the ground. The peak force on the ball is about double that, enough to lift a 1.
That's why it hurts to get struck on the head or anywhere else with a cricket ball. Air plays an important role in cricket. Apart from allowing players to breathe, it causes the ball slow down through the air and it can cause a ball to curve or swing away from the path it would otherwise follow. Air is heavier than you might expect. One cubic metre of air at ground level weighs gm. A cricket ball weighs gm. A room full of air weighs more than most cricket players.
The total force on the cricket ball is then zero so it falls at constant speed after the first m. A more dramatic effect would be seen if you dropped a cricket ball into a swimming pool.
Air has the same basic effect as water in slowing the ball, but it is a smaller effect. What happens to a ball when it hits a bat? But what happens during that 0. Assuming that the ball is hit in the middle of the bat and heads off straight back to the bowler, all that happens is that the ball squashes, comes to a complete stop, expands back to its original shape and then leaves the bat. If the ball comes off at some other angle, then it hits the bat at an angle and starts to slide across the bat.
As it does so, it slows down in a direction perpendicular to the face of the bat and it slows down in a direction across the bat. In addition it will start to rotate if it had no rotation to start with, otherwise the rate of rotation will either decrease or increase depending on the original direction of rotation. The part of the ball in contact with the bat will then grip the bat without any further sliding or rolling, while the rest of the ball continues to rotate.
The ball therefore gets twisted out of shape as well as getting severely squashed. As the ball starts to come off the bat it expands back towards its original shape, it releases its grip on the bat, there is a sudden change in the rate of rotation, and the ball slides backwards off the bat. Most likely, the ball will come off the bat spinning much faster than it was before it hit the bat.
Suppose that a wicket keeper needs to move as fast as possible to the right to catch a ball. Which foot should move first, and in what direction? It seems obvious that his left foot should stay on the ground and his right foot should move to the right while pushing as hard as possible to the left with the left foot. That way, his whole body and every part of it moves rapidly to the right.
But suppose he pushes to the left with his left foot and moves his right foot to the left. That way, he will tend to fall over to the right and his upper body moves even faster to the right. Such a step is called a gravity-step and it is counter-intuitive. High speed film shows that players who move their right foot to the left, before moving it to the right, get their racquet to the ball faster.
The physics explanation is that keeping the feet together reduces the moment of inertia and the upper body will therefore rotate faster. The same sort of thing happens when a diver wants to do a double or triple somersault. Tucking the arms and legs in reduces the moment of inertia and the diver spins faster. World's fastest bowler. There's a few reasons I can think of outside of the "I'm just going to randomly chuck the ball at someone" that the ball may be passed between players between deliveries.
Cricket can be a long ol' game if you're stuck in the field, and nothing is coming your way; especially in First-Class or Test cricket which can go on for days. Sometimes you just want to feel the ball in your hands In some playing conditions, whether there has been a bit of rain in the air or there is dew coming up on the field, it's imperative to keep the ball as dry as possible; a wet ball can impact the way a bowler delivers the ball.
For example, a spinner wants to put as many revs on a ball as possible, in order to get the ball to spin - this is hard to do if the bowler can't grip it as well as they would like because it is wet.
In the case of passing the ball to each other - it's usually much safer to pass the ball in smaller throws between multiple players, than it is to risk throwing the ball further, and it hitting the ground and becoming wet. This happens less-often in one-day games like ODIs and T20 games, but in First-Class or Test matches, giving the ball to your team's Shiner is a common thing.
A team's Shiner is in charge of trying to get the ball shinier on one side than the other. The purpose of this is to try and get the ball to swing in the air when it is bowled by the bowler. You'll often see the ball passed to a player, that will then rub the ball upon their thigh, or on the cuff of their sleeve, in between deliveries, in order to make that side shinier than the other.
They do this in baseball to just keep their arms loose. I would assume that Cricket players do it for the same reason. Sign up to join this community. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group.
Create a free Team What is Teams? Learn more. Why does the fielding team tend to toss the ball around randomly between deliveries?
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