While occasionally drinking Red Bull is unlikely to have any serious effects on kidney health , research suggests that chronic and excessive intake could. A week study in rats found that chronic intake of Red Bull may cause a decline in kidney function.
However, these results have not been replicated in human studies Additionally, research indicates a link between high sugar intake and an increased risk of chronic kidney disease 19 , 20 , Research has shown an association between drinking Red Bull and increased high-risk behavior, especially when combined with alcohol 1.
When consumed together, caffeine in Red Bull can mask the effects of alcohol, making you feel less intoxicated while still experiencing alcohol-related impairments 22 , 23 , One study found that college-aged students who drank energy drinks and alcohol together were more likely to drink and drive and experience serious alcohol-related injuries than when alcohol was consumed alone Even when not paired with alcohol, observational studies indicate that in young adults, regular intake of energy drinks like Red Bull is linked to an increased risk of alcohol dependence and illicit drug use 22 , 26 , Of course, not everyone who drinks Red Bull will experience an increase in high-risk behaviors.
While safe doses of caffeine vary by individual, current research recommends limiting caffeine to mg per day or less in healthy adults As one small 8. However, the average half-life of caffeine in the blood ranges from 1. Additionally, adolescents under the age of 19 may be at a greater risk of caffeine-related side effects Current recommendations call for limiting caffeine to mg or less per day in adolescents aged 12— Therefore, drinking more than one 8.
Symptoms of caffeine overdose and toxicity can include nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, anxiety , rapid heart rate, dizziness, trouble sleeping, and seizures Occasional, moderate intake of Red Bull is unlikely to have any serious side effects.
Still, when consumed frequently and in excess, it may have several negative and potentially life-threatening effects.
Sugar-free Red Bull is lower in calories and sugar but has the same amount of caffeine as regular Red Bull and therefore likely the same potential side effects Despite not providing sugar, sugar-free Red Bull may still increase your risk of type 2 diabetes if consumed regularly, as it contains two artificial sweeteners — aspartame and acesulfame K. In fact, research associates regular intake of artificial sweeteners with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and has its own potential safety concerns and side effects 33 , 34 , While sugar-free Red Bull is lower in sugar and calories, it packs the same amount of caffeine as regular Red Bull.
Users generally believe it fights fatigue and increases well-being, but that could turn out to be bull, too. All the things this drink is supposed to do for you — increase concentration and reaction speed, improve emotional state, and boost metabolism — are known effects of this white powder, a distant cousin of cocaine.
Unfortunately, there isn't enough niacin here to have this benefit. And it's not even pure enough to give you the mild head rush dubbed the "niacin flush.
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